Finding the right cross cut shredder for home office involves balancing security, capacity, and ease of use. The Amazon Basics 12-Sheet Cross Cut Shredder offers a solid mix of security and affordability, making it a great overall choice. For heavy-duty needs, the Bonsaii 15-Sheet Cross-Cut Shredder stands out with its high capacity and durability. Meanwhile, the Amazon Basics 24-Sheet High Security Shredder caters to those prioritizing maximum security. The challenge lies in choosing between these tradeoffs—more capacity versus security, or budget versus durability. Keep reading to see which model best suits your specific home office needs.
Key Takeaways
- The top picks balance shredding capacity with security levels suitable for home use.
- Heavy-duty models tend to be larger and more expensive but offer longer-lasting performance.
- Security level (P-4, P-5) varies significantly; choose based on your sensitive document needs.
- Features like transparent windows and waste bin size impact ease of use and maintenance.
- Price range varies widely; understanding your priorities helps avoid overspending on features you don’t need.
| Amazon Basics 8-Sheet Cross Cut Paper and Credit Card Shredder |  | Best Overall for Security and Ease of Use | Shred Capacity: 8 sheets of 20-pound bond paper | Cut Size: 0.2 x 0.7 inches (5 x 18 mm) | Bin Capacity: 3.7 gallons | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Bonsaii 15-Sheet Cross-Cut Heavy Duty Paper Shredder for Home Office |  | Best Value for Heavy-Duty, High Capacity Shredding | Shred Capacity: 15 sheets | Bin Capacity: 5 gallons | Shred Size: Cross cut, small particles | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| BONSEN 8-Sheet Cross Cut Credit Card Shredder for Home Office, 4-Gallon Bin, ETL Certified |  | Best for Compact, Secure Shredding with Safety Features | Shredding Capacity: 8 sheets | Bin Capacity: 4 gallons | Shred Type: Cross cut | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Amazon Basics 12-Sheet Cross-Cut Paper and Credit Card Shredder |  | Best for Versatile, High-Capacity Shredding | Shred Size: 0.2 x 1.2 inches | Sheet Capacity: 12 sheets | Runtime: 9 minutes | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Amazon Basics 8-Sheet High Security Cross Cut Paper and Credit Card Shredder |  | Best for Maximum Security and Safety Features | Cut Type: Cross cut | Capacity: 8 sheets | Bin Capacity: 3.7 gallons | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Bonsaii 12-Sheet Cross Cut Paper Shredder, 5.5 Gal Home Office Heavy Duty Shredder for Paper, Credit Card, Mail, Staples, with Transparent Window, High Security Level P-4 |  | Best Heavy-Duty Security for Small Offices | Sheet Capacity: 12 sheets | Security Level: P-4 | Bin Capacity: 5.5 gallons | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Fellowes 14C10 14-Sheet Cross-Cut Home Office Paper Shredder |  | Best Quiet Operation with High Capacity | Sheet Capacity: 14 sheets | Cut Size: 5/32” x 1-9/16” | Security Level: P-4 | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Amazon Basics 24-Sheet Cross Cut High Security Paper Shredder for Home Use |  | Best High Security for Sensitive Documents | Shred Capacity: 24 sheets | Security Level: P-4 | Shred Size: 5/32 x 1-1/2 inches | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Bonsaii 12-Sheet Cross Cut Heavy Duty Paper Shredder for Home Office |  | Bonsaii 12-Sheet Cross Cut | Sheet Capacity: 12 sheets | Cut Type: Cross cut | Security Level: P-4 | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Bonsaii 12-Sheet Micro Cut Heavy Duty Paper Shredder for Home Office |  | Bonsaii 12-Sheet Micro Cut | Cut Type: Micro Cut | Capacity: 12 sheets | Security Level: P-4 | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| cross cut shredder for home office | Bin Capacity | Dimensions | Sheet Capacity | Security Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Basics 8-Sheet Cross Cu | 3.7 gallons | 12.76 x 7.28 x 14.09 inches | — | — |
| Bonsaii 15-Sheet Cross-Cut Hea | 5 gallons | 9"D x 10.5"W x 12.5"H | — | — |
| BONSEN 8-Sheet Cross Cut Credi | 4 gallons | — | — | — |
| Amazon Basics 12-Sheet Cross-C | 5 gallons | 7.87 x 13.15 x 16.54 inches | 12 sheets | — |
| Amazon Basics 8-Sheet High Sec | 3.7 gallons | 12.8 W x 7.2 D x 13.8 H inches | 8 | — |
| Bonsaii 12-Sheet Cross Cut Pap | 5.5 gallons | 12.6 x 7.91 x 18.3 inches | 12 sheets | P-4 |
| Fellowes 14C10 14-Sheet Cross- | 5 gallons | not specified | 14 sheets | P-4 |
| Amazon Basics 24-Sheet Cross C | 7 gallons | — | — | P-4 |
| Bonsaii 12-Sheet Cross Cut Hea | — | — | 12 sheets | P-4 |
| Bonsaii 12-Sheet Micro Cut Hea | 4.2 gallons | — | — | P-4 |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Amazon Basics 8-Sheet Cross Cut Paper and Credit Card Shredder
This shredder stands out for its solid security level P-4 compliance, making it ideal for those who prioritize confidentiality. Its large 3.7-gallon bin means less frequent emptying, and multiple control modes with LED indicators simplify operation. Compared with the BONSEN 8-Sheet Cross Cut, it offers a more comprehensive feature set, but the 3-minute runtime and need for a cool-down before reuse limit continuous shredding sessions. While capable of shredding credit cards, it cannot handle metallic cards, which might be a downside for some users. It’s best suited for home offices with moderate shredding needs where security is a priority.
Pros:- Meets high security P-4 standards for confidential documents
- Large 3.7-gallon bin reduces frequent emptying
- Multiple control modes and LED indicators for easy operation
- Shreds credit cards, staples, and small paper clips
Cons:- Limited to 3-minute continuous runtime, requiring cool-down periods
- Cannot shred metallic credit cards
Best for: Home users needing secure, reliable shredding with straightforward operation
Not ideal for: Heavy-volume shredders or users needing to shred large quantities continuously without breaks
- Shred Capacity:8 sheets of 20-pound bond paper
- Cut Size:0.2 x 0.7 inches (5 x 18 mm)
- Bin Capacity:3.7 gallons
- Runtime:3 minutes
- Cool Down:30 minutes
- Dimensions:12.76 x 7.28 x 14.09 inches
Our verdict“This shredder is best for users who want secure, hassle-free shredding in moderate volumes without the need for continuous operation.”
Bonsaii 15-Sheet Cross-Cut Heavy Duty Paper Shredder for Home Office
This model is tailored for those who need to shred larger volumes, handling up to 15 sheets at once and multiple materials including CDs and credit cards. Its 5-gallon bin offers ample capacity, reducing the frequency of emptying, and quiet operation at 60dB makes it suitable for home or small office environments. Compared to the Amazon Basics 12-Sheet Cross Cut, it supports more sheets per pass and longer continuous run times—up to 40 minutes—making it more efficient for larger jobs. However, it requires a 40-minute cooling period after use, and its weight of 18 pounds may be burdensome for some users. This shredder suits those with frequent, high-volume needs who value speed and capacity.
Pros:- Handles up to 15 sheets simultaneously
- Large 5-gallon bin minimizes emptying frequency
- Quiet operation at 60dB suitable for shared spaces
- Auto jam prevention and overload indicators
Cons:- Requires a 40-minute cooling period after continuous use
- Heavy for some users at 18 pounds
Best for: Small offices or home users with heavy, frequent shredding requirements
Not ideal for: Users who need a compact, lightweight shredder for occasional use
- Shred Capacity:15 sheets
- Bin Capacity:5 gallons
- Shred Size:Cross cut, small particles
- Run Time:40 minutes
- Cooling Time:40 minutes
- Dimensions:9″D x 10.5″W x 12.5″H
Our verdict“This shredder is ideal for users who prioritize high capacity and long continuous operation in a home or small office setting.”
BONSEN 8-Sheet Cross Cut Credit Card Shredder for Home Office, 4-Gallon Bin, ETL Certified
The BONSEN shredder is a compact option designed for secure, moderate shredding tasks. It handles up to 8 sheets and credit cards, with a 4-gallon bin that reduces frequent emptying. Its safety protections and ETL certification add peace of mind, especially with a continuous run time of just 5 minutes, making it suitable for small batches. Compared to the Amazon Basics 8-Sheet Cross Cut, it offers similar security but with a smaller footprint and added safety features, though the shorter run time limits its efficiency for larger jobs. This model is a good fit for users who need a reliable, space-saving shredder for occasional use.
Pros:- High security level P-4 for confidential documents
- Compact size fits under most desks
- Overheat and anti-jam protections improve safety
- Large 4-gallon bin reduces frequent emptying
Cons:- Shreds only 8 sheets at a time, which may slow down larger jobs
- Limited to small paper clips and staples, not heavy-duty items
- Short continuous operation of 5 minutes
Best for: Home users with limited space needing secure, occasional shredding
Not ideal for: Heavy or high-volume shredders, or users who need long continuous run times
- Shredding Capacity:8 sheets
- Bin Capacity:4 gallons
- Shred Type:Cross cut
- Continuous Run Time:5 minutes
- Cooling Time:30 minutes
- Certification:ETL
Our verdict“This shredder is suitable for users who need a secure, space-efficient solution for occasional, small-volume shredding tasks.”
Amazon Basics 12-Sheet Cross-Cut Paper and Credit Card Shredder
This shredder balances capacity and versatility, capable of handling up to 12 sheets and credit cards with a large 5-gallon bin for less frequent emptying. Its 9-minute runtime offers better efficiency than smaller models like the BONSEN 8-Sheet, and multiple operation modes with LED indicators add convenience. Compared with the Amazon Basics 8-Sheet High Security, it provides a larger sheet capacity and longer operational time, making it more suitable for moderate to high-volume shredding. However, it cannot shred metal credit cards, and some users may find the runtime still limiting for continuous large jobs. This model fits those looking for a reliable, multi-material shredder for occasional to moderate use.
Pros:- Handles up to 12 sheets and credit cards efficiently
- Large 5-gallon bin reduces emptying frequency
- Multiple operation modes with LED indicators
- Overheat protection with automatic shutoff
Cons:- Limited runtime before cool down (9 minutes)
- Cannot shred metal credit cards
- Some shredded material may be inconsistent
Best for: Home offices needing a versatile shredder for various materials with higher capacity
Not ideal for: High-volume shredders or users who need continuous operation without breaks
- Shred Size:0.2 x 1.2 inches
- Sheet Capacity:12 sheets
- Runtime:9 minutes
- Cool Down Time:30 minutes
- Bin Capacity:5 gallons
- Dimensions:7.87 x 13.15 x 16.54 inches
Our verdict“This shredder is best for users seeking a versatile, high-capacity model for mixed-material shredding at home or small office levels.”
Amazon Basics 8-Sheet High Security Cross Cut Paper and Credit Card Shredder
The Amazon Basics High Security model offers robust P-4 security, shredding up to 8 sheets and credit cards into tiny pieces. Its automatic shut-off and overheat protection boost safety, particularly for sensitive documents. The 3.7-gallon bin minimizes the need for frequent emptying, and shredding staples and small paper clips adds convenience. Compared to the Amazon Basics 8-Sheet Cross Cut, it emphasizes security and safety, but the 8-sheet limit and 1-credit-card-only shred at a time could slow down larger tasks. It’s ideal for users who require high security for confidential material in small batches.
Pros:- Meets high security P-4 standards for confidential shredding
- Automatic shut-off and overheat protection for safety
- Large 3.7-gallon bin reduces frequent emptying
- Capable of shredding credit cards and staples
Cons:- Shreds only 8 sheets per pass, limiting speed for larger jobs
- Shreds only one credit card at a time
- Limited continuous operation time
Best for: Home users with high security needs handling sensitive documents occasionally
Not ideal for: High-volume shredding or continuous large jobs, due to limited capacity and runtime
- Cut Type:Cross cut
- Capacity:8 sheets
- Bin Capacity:3.7 gallons
- Overheat Protection:Yes
- Sheet Capacity:8
- Dimensions:12.8 W x 7.2 D x 13.8 H inches
Our verdict“This shredder is ideal for security-conscious users who need compact, safe shredding for small batches of sensitive documents.”
Bonsaii 12-Sheet Cross Cut Paper Shredder, 5.5 Gal Home Office Heavy Duty Shredder for Paper, Credit Card, Mail, Staples, with Transparent Window, High Security Level P-4
This shredder stands out for its ability to handle multiple sheets—up to 12 at once—making it ideal for secure document disposal in busy home offices. Compared to the Bonsaii 12-Sheet Heavy Duty model, it offers a larger 5.5-gallon wastebin, reducing frequent emptying, and features a continuous 6-minute operation with overheat protection. Its P-4 security level ensures shredded particles are tiny, suitable for sensitive info, but the 6-minute limit may be restrictive during heavy workloads. Its bulkiness could be a challenge for small spaces, and regular emptying is necessary due to the large bin. This pick makes the most sense for small office setups needing high security without frequent paper disposal.
Pros:- Handles multiple sheets and credit cards securely
- Large 5.5-gallon transparent wastebasket
- Overheat and jam protection for durability
Cons:- Limited to 6 minutes of continuous use
- Bulky design may not suit small spaces
Best for: Small home offices with moderate shredding needs and limited space for bulky machines
Not ideal for: Very tight spaces or users requiring longer continuous operation without breaks
- Sheet Capacity:12 sheets
- Security Level:P-4
- Bin Capacity:5.5 gallons
- Cut Size:13/64*51/64 inches (5*20mm)
- Dimensions:12.6 x 7.91 x 18.3 inches
- Continuous Shredding Time:6 minutes
Our verdict“This shredder is best for users needing high security and capacity in a small office setting, accepting some size and usage limits.”
Fellowes 14C10 14-Sheet Cross-Cut Home Office Paper Shredder
This model offers a notable advantage over the Bonsaii 12-Sheet Heavy Duty by providing a higher sheet capacity—up to 14 sheets—and a longer continuous run of 10 minutes, making it suitable for more frequent shredding. Its quiet operation makes it ideal for shared spaces, and the large 5-gallon bin minimizes interruptions for emptying. Unlike the Amazon Basics 24-Sheet shredder, it does not handle CDs or DVDs, but it excels in everyday document shredding with a focus on user comfort. The safety lock adds peace of mind, though it may be somewhat bulky for tight spots. This shredder is perfect for users who prioritize quiet, reliable, and secure shredding in a home or small office environment.
Pros:- Quiet operation suitable for shared environments
- Longer continuous run-time of 10 minutes
- Large 5-gallon bin reduces frequent emptying
- Shreds credit cards, staples, and junk mail
Cons:- Requires cool-down after 10 minutes of use
- May be bulky for very small spaces
Best for: Users seeking a quiet, high-capacity shredder for frequent daily use
Not ideal for: Those needing to shred DVDs or CDs regularly, as it lacks disc compatibility
- Sheet Capacity:14 sheets
- Cut Size:5/32” x 1-9/16”
- Security Level:P-4
- Bin Capacity:5 gallons
- Continuous Run-Time:10 minutes
- Dimensions:not specified
Our verdict“Ideal for users who value quiet, extended shredding sessions without sacrificing security or capacity.”
Amazon Basics 24-Sheet Cross Cut High Security Paper Shredder for Home Use
This shredder offers the highest sheet capacity in this lineup, capable of shredding up to 24 sheets into confetti-like particles at once, making it suitable for highly sensitive information. Its ability to also shred CDs, DVDs, and credit cards expands its versatility compared to the Bonsaii 12-Sheet models, though it’s limited to 40 minutes of continuous operation before cooling down, similar to the Amazon Basics 8-Sheet shredder. The large 7-gallon bin reduces downtime, but its inability to shred metallic credit cards means some items require special handling. While auto start, reverse, and anti-jam features are useful, careful management is needed to avoid overheating. This makes it the best choice for users with frequent, high-volume security needs.
Pros:- High-security P-4 shredding for sensitive info
- Shreds CDs, DVDs, and credit cards
- Large 7-gallon bin for less frequent emptying
- Auto start, reverse, and anti-jam features
Cons:- Runs only 40 minutes before needing to cool
- Cannot shred metallic credit cards
Best for: High-security environments with frequent shredding of large volumes of sensitive documents
Not ideal for: Users with limited space or infrequent shredding needs, due to size and overkill security level
- Shred Capacity:24 sheets
- Security Level:P-4
- Shred Size:5/32 x 1-1/2 inches
- Maximum Run Time:40 minutes
- Cooling Time:50 minutes
- Bin Capacity:7 gallons
- Entry Width:8.7 inches
Our verdict“Best suited for high-volume, high-security shredding, accepting a larger footprint and short operation cycles.”
Bonsaii 12-Sheet Cross Cut Heavy Duty Paper Shredder for Home Office
This shredder is designed for users who need longer continuous operation, offering up to 15 minutes of shredding at a time, which surpasses the 6- and 10-minute limits of similar models like the Fellowes 14C10. It handles 12 sheets securely, including staples and credit cards, while its auto start/stop and reverse functions help prevent jams. Its large 5.5-gallon bin minimizes interruptions, but it cannot shred metallic items or CDs, and its 15-minute limit means it’s not suitable for very heavy or prolonged workloads. The slightly bulkier size might challenge those with minimal space. This is a good choice for busy home offices that need reliable, extended shredding without frequent pauses.
Pros:- High-security cross cut for sensitive documents
- Large 5.5-gallon wastebin
- 15-minute continuous operation with cooling
- Auto start/stop and anti-jam features
Cons:- Cannot shred metallic items or CDs
- Requires careful handling of credit cards
Best for: Home office users with moderate to high shredding volume needing sustained operation
Not ideal for: Users requiring occasional, light shredding or shredding of metallic items
- Sheet Capacity:12 sheets
- Cut Type:Cross cut
- Security Level:P-4
- Wastebasket Capacity:5.5 gallons
- Shredding Time:15 minutes
- Shred Size:13/64 x 63/64 inches
Our verdict“Perfect for those needing longer, consistent shredding sessions with high security in a home office setting.”
Bonsaii 12-Sheet Micro Cut Heavy Duty Paper Shredder for Home Office
This shredder emphasizes security with its micro-cut particles at P-4 level, making it ideal for highly confidential documents. Compared to the cross-cut models, its micro-cut produces even smaller particles, providing enhanced privacy. Its 20-minute continuous operation and jam-proof system with casters make it suitable for busy environments where mobility and reliability matter. It can shred credit cards, staples, paper clips, and CDs, offering versatility similar to larger units like the Amazon Basics 24-Sheet, but in a more mobile package. The noise level at 60 dB is slightly higher, and without automatic feed or reverse, handling thicker stacks requires care. This makes it a solid choice for users prioritizing maximum security and easy maneuverability.
Pros:- High-security P-4 micro-cut particles
- 20-minute continuous operation
- Mobility with casters
- Shreds multiple item types including CDs
Cons:- Relatively noisy at 60 dB
- No automatic feed or reverse functions
Best for: Users needing high-security shredding with mobility and longer continuous operation
Not ideal for: Those who prefer quieter operation or have very limited space, due to size and noise
- Cut Type:Micro Cut
- Capacity:12 sheets
- Security Level:P-4
- Bin Capacity:4.2 gallons
- Operation Time:20 minutes
- Shreds:Credit cards, Staples, Paper clips, CDs
Our verdict“Ideal for security-conscious users who need a portable shredder capable of sustained, high-volume use.”
How We Picked
Each shredder was evaluated based on performance, security level, capacity, build quality, and user-friendliness. We prioritized models that offer reliable shredding with minimal jams and straightforward operation, especially for home office environments. Durability and safety certifications were also key factors, ensuring the shredder can handle regular use without frequent breakdowns. The ranking reflects a balance between value and functionality, highlighting products that excel in everyday home office scenarios while acknowledging tradeoffs such as size and price.Factors to Consider When Choosing Cross Cut Shredder For Home Office
Choosing the right cross cut shredder for your home office involves several critical considerations. Beyond basic features, understanding how capacity, security, and maintenance affect your daily use can save you money and frustration. This guide covers key factors to help you make an informed decision tailored to your specific needs, whether you prioritize security, capacity, or budget.Shredding Capacity
Capacity determines how much paper the shredder can process at once, which is essential for efficiency in a busy home office. Models range from 8 to 24 sheets, with higher capacities suited for frequent, large-volume shredding. However, larger capacity shredders tend to be bulkier and more expensive, so consider your typical workload before investing. Overestimating capacity can lead to unnecessary costs, while underestimating it may cause frequent jams and delays.
Security Level
The security level, indicated by P-4 or P-5 ratings, reflects how small the shredded particles are. Higher security levels are necessary for sensitive documents like financial records or personal data, but they often come with slower shredding speeds and increased maintenance. Lower security models might suffice for less sensitive materials, offering faster operation and easier disposal. Matching security needs with your typical document types is key to avoiding overpaying for unnecessary features.
Size and Storage
Size matters when fitting a shredder into your home workspace. Larger models with bigger waste bins reduce the frequency of emptying but take up more space. Conversely, compact shredders are easier to store but may require more frequent maintenance. Consider your available space and disposal routines—if you shred often, a larger bin with a transparent window can streamline maintenance and reduce mess.
Ease of Use and Maintenance
User-friendly features like simple control panels, easy feed openings, and clear instructions make regular shredding less frustrating. Maintenance factors, such as oiling requirements and bin removal, also play a role. Models with transparent waste bins help monitor fill levels, preventing overflows. Durability and safety certifications add peace of mind, especially for those who rely on shredders daily.
Price and Value
Pricing for cross cut shredders varies from budget-friendly options to premium models with advanced features. While spending more can provide increased security, capacity, and durability, it’s important to evaluate whether these extras align with your needs. Sometimes, a mid-range model offers the best value by balancing performance with affordability. Avoid paying for features you won’t use, but be cautious about choosing very cheap models that may break down quickly.
Frequently Asked Questions
How often should I oil my shredder?
Most shredders benefit from oiling every few uses or when shredding a large volume of paper. Proper lubrication helps reduce jams and extends the lifespan of the cutting blades. Always use manufacturer-recommended oil and follow the instructions for your specific model. Regular maintenance ensures smooth operation and minimizes downtime, especially if you shred frequently in a home office setting.
Can I shred credit cards and staples with a cross cut shredder?
Yes, most cross cut shredders are designed to handle credit cards and staples, but it’s important to check the specifications. Heavy-duty models tend to be more capable of shredding thicker items without jamming. Using a shredder beyond its intended capacity can damage the blades or motor, so always verify the maximum thickness and item types supported to avoid costly repairs.
What security level do I need for home use?
For typical home use, a P-4 security level is often sufficient for personal documents, providing a good balance of security and speed. If you handle sensitive information like financial data or personal records, a P-5 or higher security shredder is advisable. Keep in mind that higher security levels usually mean slower shredding and more maintenance, so choose based on your privacy needs and how frequently you shred.
Are larger waste bins worth the extra cost?
Yes, larger waste bins reduce the frequency of emptying, which can be a significant convenience for busy home offices. They also help contain smaller shredded particles better, reducing mess. However, bigger bins often mean a bulkier shredder, which might be less suitable for tight spaces. Weigh your volume of shredding against available space and how often you’re willing to empty the bin.
Is a higher sheet capacity always better?
Not necessarily. While higher sheet capacity allows for faster shredding of large volumes, it often comes with increased size, weight, and cost. If your shredding needs are modest, a smaller capacity model may suffice and be more manageable. Overestimating your needs can lead to unnecessary expenses and storage issues, so choose a capacity aligned with your typical shredding volume.
Conclusion
For most home office users, the Amazon Basics 12-Sheet Cross Cut Shredder offers a reliable balance of capacity, security, and affordability, making it the best overall choice. If you frequently handle sensitive documents, the Amazon Basics 24-Sheet High Security Shredder provides peace of mind with its higher security level. New users or those with limited space will appreciate the compact design of models like the BONSEN 8-Sheet Cross Cut Credit Card Shredder. Heavy-duty users who need to shred large volumes regularly should consider the Bonsaii 15-Sheet Cross-Cut Heavy Duty Shredder. Ultimately, selecting the right shredder depends on your specific shredding volume, security needs, and available space.
